State testing finds little or no PFAS in Alaska marine fish

Alaska's commonly consumed marine fish and shellfish carry little or no PFAS, according to state testing released Wednesday. Of 610 individual specimens collected between 2022 and 2024, only five samples showed measurable levels of the chemicals. All five fell below food guidance thresholds used in the European Union and Japan.

The Alaska Department of Health published the results in Epidemiology Bulletin No. 10. The underlying study appeared this year in the peer-reviewed journal Toxicology Reports, funded through a cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The bulletin concludes the tested species are unlikely to represent a significant source of dietary PFAS exposure. It also states that fish's nutritional benefits generally outweigh the low-level risks measured. The authors say continued monitoring will refine exposure assessments and inform future guidance.

Crews collected samples from Southeast Alaska, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Bering Sea and Aleutians. Researchers analyzed the 610 specimens as 51 composite samples, including salmon, halibut and cod among other commonly consumed species. Testing covered 40 target PFAS compounds using EPA method 1633. Only three compounds cleared the limit of quantification: PFOS, PFTrDA and PFUnA. The comparison thresholds are not an Alaska or federal consumption standard. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has not established fish-specific PFAS consumption guidelines, which is why the study measured its results against European Union and Japanese guidance.

PFAS contamination has been a live issue in the Alaska State Legislature. At an April 23 House State Affairs hearing, Rep. Carolyn Hall said PFAS is pervasive in the environment and can easily spread from its point of origin. Alaska Community Action on Toxics has said PFAS in fish remains a concern even at low concentrations, citing contamination found in some Alaska fish studies and consumption advisories other states have issued.

Alaska still has no PFAS-specific fish consumption guidance. The findings carry particular weight for subsistence and rural Alaska Native consumers, who rely on locally harvested fish for nutrition, cultural practice and household food security. For those communities, contaminant advisories or perceived risk can change what people eat and how often they fish. The state's testing also feeds into a broader body of national and international research measuring how PFAS move through aquatic food webs and whether governments need to set seafood advisories.